Type Confusion Strikes Again: Analyzing CVE-2025-30397 in Microsoft's Scripting Engine
Introduction
Once again, type confusion vulnerabilities prove their potency, this time targeting Microsoft's Scripting Engine. CVE-2025-30397 has emerged as a critical threat, actively exploited in the wild, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely by leveraging Edge's IE Mode. Enterprises relying on legacy web applications are particularly vulnerable, underscoring the urgency of immediate remediation.
Affected Systems and Versions
This vulnerability specifically affects Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems utilizing Microsoft Edge configured to operate in Internet Explorer (IE) Mode. Enterprises maintaining legacy web applications dependent on IE compatibility settings are notably at risk.
Technical Information
The core of CVE-2025-30397 lies in a type confusion flaw (CWE-843) within Microsoft's Scripting Engine. When Edge renders malicious content in IE Mode, improper validation of object types occurs, resulting in memory corruption. The attack vector is network-based, requiring user interaction—typically through phishing campaigns or maliciously crafted URLs. Upon exploitation, attackers can execute arbitrary code, potentially deploying ransomware or credential-stealing payloads.
Exploitation Workflow
Attackers initiate the exploit by distributing malicious links via phishing emails or compromised websites. Once a victim clicks the link, Edge loads the malicious payload in IE Mode, triggering type confusion and memory corruption. Attackers then leverage this corrupted memory to execute arbitrary code, gaining unauthorized control over the affected system.
Patch Information
Microsoft has released specific security updates addressing this vulnerability:
- Windows 10: KB5058405
- Windows 11: KB5058411
Organizations should apply these patches immediately. Additionally, disabling IE Mode and migrating legacy applications to modern browsers or virtualization solutions is strongly recommended.
Detection Methods
Organizations should monitor endpoint activities for anomalous process creation or unusual memory access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. Deploying endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions can significantly enhance detection capabilities.
Vendor Security History
Microsoft has previously addressed multiple vulnerabilities in legacy components like the Scripting Engine. Recent history includes several zero-day exploits leveraged by ransomware groups, highlighting persistent security challenges associated with maintaining backward compatibility.
References
Immediate action and vigilance are essential to mitigate the risks posed by CVE-2025-30397. Enterprises must prioritize patching, enhance monitoring, and accelerate modernization efforts to safeguard against ongoing exploitation threats.
